What Is a Sonnet? Definition + 14-Line Examples

The sonnet is the heavyweight of Western poetry — fourteen lines of structured argument, observation, or emotion. Shakespeare wrote 154 of them. The English (Shakespearean) sonnet uses three quatrains and a closing couplet (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG). The Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet splits into an octave and sestet. Both demand precision: you have exactly fourteen lines to make your point.

1. Sonnet

14 lines Rhymed Iambic pentameter

The sonnet is the heavyweight of Western poetry — fourteen lines of structured argument, observation, or emotion. Shakespeare wrote 154 of them. The English (Shakespearean) sonnet uses three quatrains and a closing couplet (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG). The Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet splits into an octave and sestet. Both demand precision: you have exactly fourteen lines to make your point.

Why it matters: Writing within strict constraints forces clarity. A good sonnet says in 14 lines what a lesser poem takes 40 to fumble through.

Sonnet 18
William Shakespeare (1609)
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a 1. sonnet?

The sonnet is the heavyweight of Western poetry — fourteen lines of structured argument, observation, or emotion. Shakespeare wrote 154 of them. The English (Shakespearean) sonnet uses three quatrains and a closing couplet (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG). The Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet splits into an octave and sestet. Both demand precision: you have exactly fourteen lines to make your point.

What are the rules of a 1. sonnet?

See the structure section above — line count, rhyme scheme, meter, and stanza requirements vary by form.

How do I write a 1. sonnet?

Start with the structural rules (line/syllable count, rhyme), then focus on imagery and emotional truth. Try our free poem generator for inspiration.

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